The human liver is composed of functional units called lobules, which are essential for the liver's role in metabolism, detoxification, and other vital processes. A liver lobule can be conceptually divided into three main parts or regions, each with distinct cellular components and functions:
1. **Periportal Zone (Zone 1)**:
- **Location**: This region is found near the edges of the liver lobule, adjacent to the central veins.
- **Cellular Components**: It contains hepatocytes (liver cells) that are well-supplied with oxygen and nutrients from the incoming blood. These hepatocytes have high metabolic activity.
- **Functions**: This zone is involved in the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and clotting factors, and it plays a significant role in drug metabolism due to its rich supply of enzymes.
2. **Midzonal Area (Zone 2)**:
- **Location**: This area lies between the periportal and perivenous zones.
- **Cellular Components**: It contains hepatocytes that are m…